Afsaneh Soleimani; Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-Fard; abbas rohani; mohammadhosein aghkhani
Abstract
Tillers (2WTs) are among the types of small tractors that are usually used in greenhouses, orchards, and paddy fields; they are most useful in places where it is difficult to move tractors. The existing tillers have only one clutch for power transmission to the gearbox, and they do not have ...
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Tillers (2WTs) are among the types of small tractors that are usually used in greenhouses, orchards, and paddy fields; they are most useful in places where it is difficult to move tractors. The existing tillers have only one clutch for power transmission to the gearbox, and they do not have a clutch to guide and steer. For this reason, they have many problems for turning and steering, especially under the trees and changing the movement direction during work. Therefore, in this research, an attempt was made to solve this problem. Two types of plate (disc) and cone friction clutches, which are the most used in agricultural machines, were thought about.The torque generated on the rotors of a 9-hp tiller was calculated while the tiller was running at gear ratio one. The applied forces from the operator (driver) to the clutch plate (disc) for engaging the clutch was calculated. Having the amount of transmission force, torque and available space to the design of the cone clutch, which can be used on the rotary axles of the tiller, was performed using 3D design software (CATIA). To ensure the resistance of parts against failure and their correct operation, static analysis of selected clutch parts that are exposed to maximum stress was performed in ANSYS software. The results indicated that the clutch parts had appropriate strength and hence, would operate safely. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is possible to use the cone clutch on such tillers.Two types of plate (disc) and cone friction clutches, which are the most used in agricultural machines, were considered.The torque generated on the rotors of a 9-hp tiller was calculated while the tiller was running at gear ratio one. The applied forces from the user (driver) to the clutch plate (disc) for engaging the clutch was calculated. Having the amount of transmission force, torque and available space to the design of the cone clutch, which can be used on the rotary axles of the tiller, was performed using 3D design software (CATIA). To ensure the resistance of parts against failure and their correct operation, static analysis of selected clutch parts that are exposed to maximum stress was performed in ANSYS software. The results indicates that the clutch parts have appropriate strength and hence, would operate safely. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is possible to use the cone clutch on such tillers.
mohsen saghouri; Reza Abdi; Mohammadali Ebrahimi-Nik; Abbas Rohani; Mohammadali Maysami
Abstract
Increasing in consumption of fossil fuels and their price and environmental impacts, have led to a growing need and interest in replacement of these fuels with new and renewable energy sources. Anaerobic digestion is one of the attractive methods to produce biogas from organic matter.Wet state and solid ...
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Increasing in consumption of fossil fuels and their price and environmental impacts, have led to a growing need and interest in replacement of these fuels with new and renewable energy sources. Anaerobic digestion is one of the attractive methods to produce biogas from organic matter.Wet state and solid state arethe categories of anaerobic digestion. Some benefits of solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) include the need for smaller reactor capacity requirements, less energy used for heating, and easier handling.In this study, SS-AD of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was examined. The study was done in the laboratory scale of (1-liter volume), mesophiliccondition (37°C), and 20% solid content. Characterization of OFMSW indicated good potential of these materials to produce biogas through SS-AD (69.37% of total solids, 76.2% of volatile solids, and a C/N ratio of 38.28%). According to the results of SS-AD, a total of 372 ml biogas/g of volatile solids was obtained under normal laboratory conditions, of which 230 ml (61.82%) was methane. Also, a reduction of 64.7% was obtained for volatile solids, which is one of the parameters of the experiment productivity.
Hamid mohammadinezhad; Mohammad Hossein Aghkhani; Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-Fard; Abbas Rohani
Abstract
In urban environments, root growth is limited because of limitation of soil and some problems the plants are faced with, for example soil compaction. The aim of this study was to build and evaluate a device that could improve the existing deficiencies for tree roots by increasing soil porosity and permeability ...
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In urban environments, root growth is limited because of limitation of soil and some problems the plants are faced with, for example soil compaction. The aim of this study was to build and evaluate a device that could improve the existing deficiencies for tree roots by increasing soil porosity and permeability through air injection. After construction of the machine, weighing 240 kg, equipped with a 7.5 HP engine and maximum injection pressure of 12 bar, the effects of machine operation and some important physical properties of soil such as porosity and infiltration were investigated. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the independent variables of the device including air pressure at 3 levels (4, 8 and 12 bars) and depth at 2 levels (30 and 60 cm) and the dependent variable of porosity. The results showed a significant regression model among the variables. Also, the regression model estimation error was 1.75%. Based on the results, the system can be reliably designed and manufactured to inject air into the soil to increase porosity.
